Fara minnu ka ca dugukolo-kɔnɔna na, olu dɔ la kelen. Faraw ye fɛnɲɛnɛmaw ye minnu ka bon ani minnu ka nɔgɔn, minnu bɛ dugukolo-yɔrɔ Kɛ. Faraw bɛ Kɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalan kelen ye (misali la, marbre bɛ Kɛ ni kalisiti - kalisiyɔmu karɔbɔni ye), walima fɛnɲɛnamafagalan caman. Granite bɛ Kɛ ni feldspar, quartz ani mica ye, walima fara wɛrɛw yɔrɔ dɔw. Kabakomayɔrɔw dilanni ye o fɛn in nafa dɔ ye.
Ka kɛɲɛ ni u bɔyɔrɔ ye, faraw bɛ tila ka kɛ igneous, walima igneous ye. Granite, basalt - tasumama; bɔgɔdaga, misali la, cɛncɛn, nɛgɛso; fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalanw, misali la, gneiss, schistes, marbre, graphite.
Granite ye farakurun ye min ka ca ni asidi ye min bɛ kɛ ni kristali dafalen ye, min bɛ sɔrɔ dugukolo kan farafinna jamanaw kɔnɔ, a bɛ kɛ kosɛbɛ ni kuran, potasiyɔmu felsipari (ɔrtɔklasi, nitrakilini), asidi plagioklasi ani mika (biotite, muscovite) ye. Granit density ye 2600 kg/m3 ye, degun fanga bɛ se 300 MPa ma. So jɔlan ɲuman don.
Granite - sow jɔli nafolo
Granite ye asidi poliminɛri fara ye, tasuma faraw dɔ la kelen min ka ca Dugukolo kan. Tiɲɛ don, n’an bɛ granit wele ko fara "asidi", an t'a fɛ ka dumuni duman jogo fɔ... An bɛ kuma silisi hakɛ caman kan.
Granit (grani) ka fɛn dilannenw ye:
- potasiyɔmu felsitɛri (ɔrtoklasi) - 40-70%, .
- kuran , min ye granit ka fɛn ye min bɛ se ka wuli kosɛbɛ , - 20-40% , .
- mika (muscovite walima biyotite) - 5-20%.
Feldspars ni mica ye fɛnw ye minnu tɛ se ka bana kɛlɛ. Granit ka muɲuli bɛ bɔ olu de la. Ni felsitɛriw ka waati-dafalen daminɛna, o tuma na, kabakurun tiɲɛni wɛrɛw bɛ taa ɲɛ joona. Ni, granit nɔ na, minɛn wɛrɛw bɛ yen, i n’a fɔ hornblende walima augite, o tuma na, daɲɛw "hornblende" walima "augite" bɛ fara granit fara tɔgɔ kan, u kelen-kelen bɛɛ.
Granite bɛ sɔrɔ kulɛriw la minnu tɛ kelen ye. Granit fanba ye nɛrɛmuguma ye. Nka a kulɛri bɛ se ka kɛ nɛrɛmuguma ye, bilen dibiman ani a man teli ka kɛ binkɛnɛ ye walima bulu-bulu. A bɛ bɔ mun de la? Ka bɔ granit ka minɛnw labɛncogo la. Felispar kulɛri bɛ nɔba bila kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la granit ka masirili nɔ na. Nka feldsparw ye fin ye. Feldpar fara jɛmanw ni nɛrɛmuguma bɛ sɔrɔ ka bɔ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ɲagaminen na minnu ɲɛ ye dibi ye - mika walima pirokzɛni.
O la, granit bɛ Kɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanba saba ye: kuwari ni felsitɛri suguya fla (potasiyɔmu ni kalisiyɔmu-sodiyɔmu) ani mika. U bɛ don granit kɔnɔ hakɛ kelen na (30% kelen-kelen). U bɛɛ ye kulɛri ye walima u finman don. Nka pirozɛni, anfiboli walima mika, minnu ye fɛnɲɛnamafagalan dibimanw ye, olu bɛ kɛ 10% ye; u bɛna bɔ kɛnɛ kan granit na i n’a fɔ sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ walima sumanw danfaralenw. An ka kabakurun lajɛ ka bɔ yɔrɔ jan. Fɛn bɛɛ bɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan ka kɛ kulɛri jɛman kelen ye. A jɛlen don ko ni minɛnw dibi ka ca, granit bɛ dibi ka taa a fɛ. Granit dɔw kulɛri fana bɛ dibi don k’a sababu kɛ kuran ye, min bɛ se ka jira ni morion ye.
Granit bilenmanw bɛ dilan cogo di? U ka minɛnw kɔnɔfɛnw ye feldspar bilenman walima pinki jɛman ye. U bɛ Sɔrɔ diɲɛ fan bɛɛ la. Felisitɛri kulɛri bɛ di hɛmatiti (nɛgɛ oksizɛni) walima nɛgɛ bilenman kristalɛ fitininw fɛ, minnu jɛnsɛnnen don ɲɔgɔn fɛ felsitɛri kristalɛ bɛɛ la. Ɛmatiti ka kulɛri seko ka bon kosɛbɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la. Feldspar bɛ kulɛri bilenman jɛman ta hali ni hematite 0,7-1,0% bɛ a la. Granite feldspar bɛ kulɛri pinki sɔrɔ ni hematite hakɛ ma tɛmɛ 0,3-0,4% kan. O la, granit kulɛri bilenman ye taabolo gɛlɛnw de nɔ ye, wa a tɛ kɛ tuma bɛɛ ko gansanw ye.
Ayiwa, granit wuluwulu bɛ sɔrɔ cogo di? O kulɛri bɛ di granit ma ni potasiyɔmu feldspar wuluwulu donli ye, o min bɛ wele kabini tuma jan ko amazɔni kabakurun nafama tilancɛ. A tun bɛ baara kɛ ni Ɛndiyɛnw ye minnu tun bɛ Ameriki ka kɔn Kolonbi ɲɛ, Misira kɔrɔlen ani Etiyopi sigibagaw tun bɛ kɛ biyew ye. San 1784, amazɔni sɔrɔla Ilmensky kuluw la. Soviyetiki waati la, a tun bɛ sɔrɔ Kola gun kan. Amazɔni kulɛri cogoya ma jɛya hali bi. Hakilila dɔ bɛ yen min b’a jira ko a daminɛ na, felsipar bilenman ni finman gansanw kɛra kristali ye, o min kɔfɛ, fɛn wulibaliw ka fanga kɔrɔ minnu bɛ dalajɛ joli cɛmancɛ la, o jiginna ka kɛ amazɔni ye. Cogo dɔ la, nka granit jɛman bɛ yen, wa a cɛ ka ɲi kosɛbɛ. Granite jɛman suguya dɔ ye granit bulu ye. Wa, a laban na, granit bɛ yen, min kɔnɔ feldspar bɛ sɔrɔ, min bɛ ni iridescence ye, i.e. tintin jɛlen. Ni a polisilen don, kulɛri dɔ bɛ bɔ kɛnɛ kan min tɛ deli ka kɛ, o bɛ se ka suma ni wuluwulu kulɛri ye.
Granite tɛ cɛɲi dɔrɔn ye, nka a ye kabakurun barikama fana ye. I n’a fɔ a fɔra cogo min na san fɛ, a ka degun fanga ka bon. A ka sɔgɔli fanga ye a ka degun fanga 1/60 fo 1/40 dɔrɔn ye. Ka kɛɲɛ ni suman hakɛ ye, granit finmanw, suman cɛmancɛw ani sumanmugu gɛlɛnw bɛ danfara Bɔ. Min ka fisa ni bɛɛ ye, o ye ko granit finmanw bɛ se ka masin degunw kɛlɛ. U bɛ don cogo kelen na ni sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ ye, u bɛ se ka sɔgɔsɔgɔ ka ɲɛ, wa u tɛ kari kosɛbɛ ni u sumana ka tɛmɛ kisɛ cɛmancɛ ni kisɛ gɛlɛnw kan. Granit minnu ka gɛlɛn, olu tɛ tasuma kɛlɛ ka ɲɛ. Ni u sumana, u bɛ bonya ka kari. O la, sigiyɔrɔw la, faaba sow kɔnɔ, granit sennasanbaraw ni jirisunw ka teli ka kari tasuma kɔfɛ.
Granitw bɛ baara kɛ ka ɲɛ: u bɛ mugu, u bɛ tigɛ ani u bɛ sɔgɔ. K’a sababu kɛ granit ka jogo kabakomaw ye, i n’a fɔ a ka degun fanga ka bon (ka bɔ 120 na ka se 300 MPa ma), a sɔgɔli fanga ka dɔgɔn kosɛbɛ, a ka density ka bon, a ka ji minɛcogo ka dɔgɔ (a ka dɔgɔ ni 0,5-0,8% ye a hakɛ la), nɛnɛba kɛlɛli, funteni nafamaba conductivity, abrasion resistance ɲumanba, a bɛ kɛ kosɛbɛ i n’a fɔ boon ni ɲɛda fɛn. Kabakomayɔrɔw jɔli bɛ lafiɲɛ granit jusigilanw kan; a bɛ taa boonbaw, bɔrɔw ani bɔrɔw jɔli la; granit mugumugulen bɛ siraba gansanw da la; dugu caman nbɛdaw lamininen don ni granit siraba kabakurunw ye.
An man kan ka ɲinɛ monolith belebelebaw kɔ. Olu la, min ka bon diɲɛ kɔnɔ, o ye Alɛkisandiri Kolon ye, min jɔlen bɛ masaso kɛnɛ kan Leningrad. A girinya ye tɔni 3700 ye, a janya ye mɛtɛrɛ 25,6 ye, a faralen ɲɔgɔn kan ni jɔyɔrɔ ye ani nɛgɛ ja ye mɛtɛrɛ 47,5. A dilannen don ni Vyborg rapakivi granite ye min bɛ kɛ ni jiribulu gɛlɛnw ye. Isaka senuma ka katedrali jɔli kelen-kelenw, minnu janya ye mɛtɛrɛ 17 ye, olu dabɔra ni o granit kelen in ye.
Aw hakili to Misira sfinxw la minnu bɛ Neva bajida la Leningrad dugu kɔnɔ. U dilannen don ni granit monoliths bilenmanw ye, u bɛ sɔgɔsɔgɔ fo ka kɛ filɛlikɛlan ye. Ani Nɛgɛso Sotigi, kabakomayɔrɔ min bɛ Piɛrɛ fɔlɔ la wa? A jɔyɔrɔ jalen don ka bɔ granit kabakurunba dɔ la (13,2x6,6x8,1 m), min tun bɛ wele kosɛbɛ ko sanpɛrɛn-kabakurun, bawo a tilalen don sanpɛrɛn barikama fɛ. Nin ye granit monolith ye min cɛ ka ɲi kosɛbɛ, a ka bon kosɛbɛ. A laban na, Moskow, Sverdlov kɛnɛ kan, Karl Marx kabakomayɔrɔ dɔ jɔra, min jalen don ni granit monolith ye min janya ye mɛtɛrɛ 15x5x3,6 ye, a girinya ye tɔni 750 ye (Kudashevskoye deposit min bɛ Dnepropetrovsk mara la). A bɛ se k’a fɔ granit ko la ko a tun ye suguya kabakoma ye kaban fɔlɔ, wa a bɛ ten fo ka na se bi ma. Granitw bilayɔrɔw bɛ Karelian yɛrɛmahɔrɔnya Soviyetiki Sosiyalisimu Repibiliki la, Kola gun kan, Urals, Siberia, Cɛma Azi, Ukraine saheli-tlebi fan fɛ ani Worodugu Kaukase.
Granitw kɛrɛfɛ, faraw bɛ yen minnu bɛ Weele ko siyeni ni diorite. U ni granitw bɛ Taa ɲɔgɔn fɛ wa u ka kristali granular structure (kristali granulaire) cogoya ye kelen ye.
Granite ka jogo
Granite jɔcogo:
K - kuran ye; O - ɔrtoklasi; C - mika (mika).
Granite (min bɔra latigɛkan na granum - grain) ye faraw ye minnu sigilen don kosɛbɛ ni u jɔcogo ye granular-crystalline ye min bɛ ye. A siɲɛ fɔlɔ don "granite" daɲɛ in fɔra sɛbɛnw kɔnɔ Itali minɛnko dɔnnikɛla Andrea Cesalpino fɛ san 1596. U bɛ kɛ feldspars (a ka c’a la 40 ... 60%), quartz (20 ... 40%), mica, ferruginous ye -magnezi silikatiw - blende horny, anfiboles, a man teli ka kɛ piroxenes (fo 10%). Ka kɛɲɛ ni sumanw bonya ye, granitw jɔcogo saba bɛ danfara:
- kisɛ finmanw ( fo ka se milimɛtɛrɛ 2 ma ), .
- kisɛ cɛmancɛ (ka bɔ milimɛtɛrɛ 2 la ka se milimɛtɛrɛ 5 ma), .
- a ka gɛlɛn (min ka ca ni milimɛtɛrɛ 5 ye).
Granit kulɛri, ka kɛɲɛ ni feldspar suguya n’a kulɛri ye, a ka c’a la, a bɛ kɛ nɛrɛmuguma ye (k’a ta nɛrɛmuguma na ka taa nɛrɛmuguma dibiman na) ni u ɲɛ suguya caman ye, pinki, oranjɛ, bilen, bulu-bilen, tuma dɔw la bulu-bulu.
Fɛn minnu ɲɛ ye dibi ye (biotite, hornblende, a ɲɔgɔnnaw) bɛ nɔ dɔ bila granite kulɛri cogoya la, o min ka teli ka kabakurun kulɛri dibiman di a ma, wa a ka c’a la, a ɲɛ ye binkɛnɛ ye (Yantsev granite). Kuwati min bɛ granitw labɛncogo la, a ka c’a la, a tɛ kulɛri sɔrɔ, o la a tɛ nɔba bila u kulɛri cogoya la. O waati kelen na, sigida la, granitw bɛ yen minnu bɛ ni kuran nɛrɛma ye (min bɛ wele ko kuran nɛrɛma) walima lilac-pink (Suwɛdi granit ametiste). Granite minnu ka dɔgɔ kosɛbɛ ni quartz bulu ye (misali la, Serebryanskoye depositi min bɛ Murmansk mara la). Masiri siratigɛ la, jɛman jɛman finmanw ni ɲɛ bulu ye, bilen min ɲɛ ye dibi ye min falen don, ani granit suguya bulu jɛmanw nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ.
Granitw cogoya bɛ Kɛ kelen ye kosɛbɛ wa a bɛ Bɔ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw dalajɛli la minnu ɲɛ ye dibi ye walima feldspars ni quartz. A ka c’a la, granit (granite) minnu ka gɛlɛn, n’u jɔcogo ye porfiriti ye, olu ka teli ka kɛ ni nɛrɛmuguma (nɔgɔlen) suguya kelen ye. Granit bilenmanw na minnu ka gɛlɛn, kɔkanna caman bɛ dabɔ ni mikroklini kristali belebelebaw ye minnu ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ ka bon, olu minnu bɛ fara kulɛri dantigɛ. Ni an y’a sɛgɛsɛgɛ kosɛbɛ, o kɔfɛ, misali dɔ bɛ danfara ka jɛya tuma dɔw la, i n’a fɔ cakɛda minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ bololanɛgɛ, n’olu ye kuran dibiman ni biyoti nɛrɛma ye minnu bɛ mikroklini kristalɛw lamini (Emelyanovsky granite). Tuma dɔw la, granitw ka mozayika cogoya bɛ nafa sɔrɔ ni felsipar kristalɛw yeelen ye k’a sababu kɛ cleavage planes brillantes ye fenocrysts (Korninsky granite) karilenw na. Granit bilenman dɔw kulɛri n’u cogoya ni feldspar kristalɛ belebelebaw bɛ se milimɛtɛrɛ 80...120 ma, a ka c’a la, o bɛ bɔ nin fɛnɲɛnamafagalan in kisɛw dalajɛli la (Kapustinsky granite). Ni o kristalɛ suguw cogoya ye fla ye, wa u janyalen don aksidan janw fɛ sira kelen fɛ, fara sɔgɔli bɛ kɛ a cɛmancɛ la, o b’a to i bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka fɛn dɔ jira min ye fɛn ye min tɛ kelen ye, n’o ye nɛrɛmuguma ye.
Dibi-kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, fɛnɲɛnɛmaw ni felsitɛriw dalajɛli bɛ se ka kɛ, hali ni a man teli, ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ kɛ ni jikuru ye walima sisi (sankaba) ye, o min bɛ granit kɛ masiricogo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen ye (Shalsky, Syuskiyansaar ani granit wɛrɛw). Tuma dɔw la, granit finmanw ni kisɛ cɛmancɛw cogoya cogoya bɛ se ka nɔ bila kuran jiribolow sɔrɔli la u kɔnɔ, o min bɛ farakurun masiricogo juguya (Yantsevsky granite, a ɲɔgɔnnaw). Granite bɛ dɔn ni a girinya hakɛ ye kilogaramu 2600 ... 2800 ye m3, a porose dɔgɔya (fo ka se 1,5%), ji minɛni dɔɔni (0,5%), a bɛ se ka sɔgɔsɔgɔ ka ɲɛ degun fanga - 90 ... 280 MPa ani ka tɛmɛ o kan. Granit (kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la a suguya finmanw) ka muɲuli ka bon: a dɔw la, u ka baarakɛ waati bɛ se san 1000 ma walima ka tɛmɛ o kan.
A ka c’a la, granit bɛ sɔgɔ ka ɲɛ, a bɛ filɛlikɛlan dɔ mara kɛnɛma fini na waati jan kɔnɔ, a bɛ se ka hexing nɔgɔya nɔgɔya la, ka chipping textures suguya caman sɔrɔ. Granit ka relief textures (kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, u bɛ sinsin kosɛbɛ jɔli kabakomaw kan; o waati kelen na, chiaroscuro tulonkɛ min bɛ kɛ kabakurun sanfɛ, o masirifɛn nafama dɔ bɛ sɔrɔ, tuma dɔw la, o bɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan ni mika platiw yeelenw ye. Granit suguya dɔw bɛ masiri kosɛbɛ funteni furakɛli kɔfɛ (o bɛ tali kɛ fɔlɔ fara jɛmanw na minnu bɛ ɲɛ nɔgɔlen sɔrɔ, a bɛ se ka kɛ sukaro finman ye).
K’a sababu kɛ u ka masinko caman ye ani u ka baarakɛcogo, granitw bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ jɔli la i n’a fɔ ɲɛda sɔgɔlenw, fɛn dilanni ni so jɔli fɛnw, jibolisiraw kɔnɔna yɔrɔ dɔw, bɔlɔnw dabɔlanw, kɛrɛfɛ kabakurunw, a ɲɔgɔnnaw. Granite suguya kelen minnu bɛ kɛ ni jiribulu finmanw ye minnu ɲɛ ye bulama ye ani minnu ɲɛ ye bulama ye, olu bɛ kɛ jɛgɛnfɛn ye, k’a jateminɛ k’u jɔcogo nɔgɔlenw bɛ sira di fɛnw ma minnu bɛ se ka fɛnw tiɲɛ, k’a sɔrɔ puwɛntiw ma dilan minnu tɛ sira kan. Granit minnu bɛ ni jiribolo gɛlɛnw ye, olu bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛ kabakomayɔrɔbaw jɔli la ani ka kabakomayɔrɔw jɔyɔrɔw datugu. "Kabakurun kelen tɛ bɛn nɛgɛ ma i n'a fɔ granit", Irisi jagokɛla tɔgɔba B.I. Orlovsky ye baara kɛ.
Granit jɛnsɛnni yɔrɔba minnu bɛ an ka jamana na olu ye Ukraine, Karelia, Cɛma Azi ani Urals ye.
Granite jɔcogo suguya dɔ ye pegmatite granite ye - pegmatite (a bɔra Gɛrɛkikan na pegma - bonding) - fara min kɔnɔ kuran ni feldspa bɛ falen u yɛrɛ la ka don ɲɔgɔn na. O suguya jiralan dɔ ye granit sɛbɛnnen ye, min kɔnɔ, felsitɛri bɛ falen ni kuran ye min bɛ i n’a fɔ jirisun finmanw, o bɛ mɔgɔ hakili jigin Heburukan sɛbɛnniw na. A masiricogo ɲuman n’a cogoya fɔlɔ kosɔn, granit sɛbɛnnen tɛ se ka kɛ ɲɛda kabakurun dɔrɔn ye, nka a bɛ se ka kɛ kabakurun ye min bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛnajɛ kɛ fana.
Granit suguya wɛrɛ min ka di kosɛbɛ, o ye rapakivi ye (a bamanankanna ka bɔ Finlandekan na kɔrɔ ye ko "kabakurun tolilen"), o ye porfiriti fara ye min kɔnɔna na, ovoid caman bɛ a la (ka bɔ latigɛkan na ovum - egg) - feldspars pink (a fanba ye orthoclase) bɔli bulama belebelebaw ye ni a a cɛmancɛ ye milimɛtɛrɛ 20 ... 60 ye, a lamininen don ni plagioclase walima quartz rims finman walima jɛman ye. A ka c’a la, rapakivi kulɛri bɛ kɛ bulama-pinki, bilenman ye. Nin granit suguya in, min bɛ jɛnsɛn kosɛbɛ Skandinavi jamanaw na, o bɛ masiri kosɛbɛ, nka a bɛ tiɲɛ nɔgɔya la waati cogoyaw fɛ, wa a tɛ muɲu kosɛbɛ tasuma faraw kulu kɔnɔ. Rapakivi cladding tun bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ Irisi duguw labɛnni na san kɛmɛ 18nan-19nan na. ani ka baarakɛcogo sɔrɔ Sent Pɛriburugu - Leningrad ani Moskow ka fɛn dilanni ni tariku kabakomayɔrɔw ni sow caman na.
Granit suguya dɔ min bɛ masiri kosɛbɛ, o ye amazɔni granit ye min ɲɛ ye binkɛnɛ ye ani bulu-bulu-bulu, min bɛ sɔrɔ a dacogo la feldspar wuluwulu - amazɔni (Amazɔni baji tɔgɔ la, a sɔrɔla yɔrɔ min na fɔlɔ).
Fara min bɛ kɛ ni granit ye, n’a bɛ kɛ ni granit ye, n’o ye charnockite ye (a tɔgɔ dara Charnock kan, min ye Calcutta sigibaga ye, nin fara in sɔrɔla yɔrɔ min na fɔlɔ), o kɛra baarakɛminɛn ye kosɛbɛ i n’a fɔ ɲɛda kabakurun. A ka c’a la, mikroklini, kuwari, pirokzɛni, diyɔpɔsidi ani hornblende bɛ sɔrɔ charnockite kɔnɔ. A tɛ i n’a fɔ granit, yɔrɔ min na dibi fɛnɲɛnamafagalan ye biyoti walima anfibole ye, charnockite kɔnɔ a ye piroxene ye.
Granitw ka analozi minnu bɔra kɛnɛ kan, olu dɔw ye porfiriw ni liparitiw ye minnu bɛ wele ko quartz.
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September 19, 2024 18:54:07 +0300 GMT
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